Internal-combustion engine



Pa'wntad Mar. 15, 1921.

a sums-sum l. 63

I. F. KYTLICA.

, INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATlOfl FILED APR. I4, 1919.

Patented Max. 15, 1921.

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INTERNAL comsusnou ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR- 4, I 9 l 9.

n, i7 n I l v W WW m N W W (03/?) w W gal W UNITED STATES JOHN F. KYTLICA, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 15, 1921.

Application flled April 14, 1919. Serial No. 289,920.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN F. KYTLICA, a citizen of the United States, residing at the city of Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Internal-Combustion En 'nes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in engines of the internal combustion or explosive type, and it consists in certain pecularities of the construction, novel arrangement and operation of the various parts thereof, as will be hereinafter more fully set forth and specifically claimed.

The principal object of the invention is to provide an engine of the internal combustion or explosive type, which can be used as a stationary engine, on automobiles, trucks, or for general purposes, which shall be of such construction, and shall have such arrangement, combination and operation of its parts as to cause it to produce orgenerate a much greater amount, if not double the amount of power, than that produced by engines of a similar class, of the same size and using a like amount of fuel, heretofore in general use.

Another object is to furnish an engine of such construction as to render it of the highest efficiency, and so as to overcome or obviate the deficiencies and objections heretofore encountered in such engines.

Still another object is to provide simple and efficient means for cleaninig the cylinder thereby preventing the accumulation of carbon thereon or on its parts, and for dislodging and removing the carbon should any collect on the walls or parts of the cylinder. Other objects and advantages of the invention will be disclosed in the following description and explanation.

In the accompanying drawings, which serve to illustrate an embodiment of the invention- Figure 1 is a view partly in side elevation and partly in central vertical section illustrating an engine embodying the invention;

. Fig. 2 is a vertical central sectional view taken on line 2-2 of Fig. 1, looking in the direction indicated by the arrows, showing the parts of the engine in about the positions they will assume at the ignition period of its operation;

Fig. 3 is a greatly enlarged plan sectional view taken on line 3-3 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a vertical sectional view taken on line 4-4 of Fig. 1, looking in the direction indicated by the arrows, showing a controllin valve for the admission of water to the cylinder for the purpose of cleaning the same or dislodging and removing carbon from the walls or parts thereof, and

Fi 5 is a similar view taken on line 55 of Fig. 1 of one of the valves used for the supply of lubricant to the upper piston and to the sliding valves.

Like numerals of reference refer to corresponding parts throughout the different views of the drawings.

In the present instance I have shown the engine in the form of a stationary one, and in an upright position, and will accordingly refer to the various parts, but it will be understood that the engine may be located horizontally or otherwise. Referring now more particularly to Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawings, the reference numeral 10 designates the base of the engine, on which is supported in the usual or a well-known manner the crank casin 11, which has horizontally journaled therein and on the base 10, which base forms a part of said casing, a crank shaft 12, which carries at one of its ends a gear 13, which meshes with another gear 14 on the adjacent end of a cam shaft 15,

. which is journaled in the lower portion of the base 10 at a suitable distance below the throw or reach of the cranks 16 of the crank shaft. The gears 13 and 14 may be secured to their respective shafts 12 and 15 by means of a VVoodrufi' key 17 or otherwise. Located within the base 10 are two pairs of upright tubes or sleeves 18. each of which is surrounded by a coiled spring 19, one end of which rests against the base and the other end against a nut 20 mounted on the lower portion of each of the pairs of connecting rods 21 and 21 which are vertically extended through suitable openings in the upper portion of the casing 11 and are connected at their upper ends to lugs 22 and 23 respectively on the lower portions of the sliding sleeve valves 24 and 25 respectively, which surround the cylinder 26 of the engine, which cylinder is vertically mounted on the casing 11 and has each of its ends open. Resting on the nuts 20 of each pair is a cross bar 27, which bars unite the connecting rods 21 and 21 in pairs near their lower ends, and which bars are sustained in place on the nuts 20 by means of nuts 28 engaging said rods above the bars 27 located on the nuts 20. The upper ends of the rods 21 and 21 may be adjustably connected to'the lugs 22 and 23, i

by being screwed into suitable openings therein and held in the proper position by means of nuts 29 on the upper portion of said rods. It will be understood that the tubes 18 into which the lower ends of the rods 21 and 21 are extended and operate are located in a square or quadrilateral form, and that the bar 27 which unites the pair of connecting rods 21 will lie in parallelism with the bar 27 which unites the connecting rods 21, and that said bars extend transversely with respectto the camshaft and under the same. Each of the bars 27 has journaled thereon at about its middle a roller 30 against which the cams 31 and 32, mounted on the cam shaft, will contact in the operation of the engine. 7 walls at about its middle with an inlet port 33 ,and an outlet or exhaust port 34, which are disposed transversely with respect to the cylinder and located slightly one above the other. Each of these ports is divided by a partition 35, as is clearly shown in Fig. 3

of the drawings. The outer surface of the cylinder 26 is provided with an annular recess 36 which extends above and below the ports 33'and 34 and is for the reception of packing rings 37 and 38. located one on the other, and held together by means of a screw pin'39 engaging the cylinder 26 at any suitable point. Surrounding the cylinder 26 is the sliding sleeve valve 24, which extends.

above and below the ports 33 and 34 as well as above the ports 40 in the packing rings 37 and 38, which latter ports register with the inlet and exhaust ports, as is clearly shown in Fig. 2 of the drawings. This sleeve valve has in its outer surface an annular recess 41, in which is fitted packing rings 42 and 43 which may be held together and connected to the valve 24 by means of a pin 44 located at any suitable point. The packing rings 42 and 43 are provided with ports 45 adapted to register with theports 40 of the packing rings 37 and 38, as well as with the inlet and exhaust ports of the cylinder at proper times in the movement of the inner sliding valve 24. Surrounding the sliding sleeve valve 24 is the sliding sleeve valve 25, which has ports 46 adapted to register at proper times with the ports of the cylinder and 'thoseof the inner sliding sleeve valve 24, as

well as with the ports of the packing rings. As is obvious the connecting rods 21 will onerate the inner sleeve valve 24, and the coir" necting rods 21 will operate theouter sleeve valve 25 through the instrumentality of the cams 31 and 32 on the cam shaft 15, the roller carrying bars 27, and springs 19,

The cylinder 26 is provided in its which surround the sleeves 18, into which th lower ends of said rods operate. v Located in the lower portion of the cylinder is a piston 47, which is provided in its a wrist pin 53 to which one end of the piston rod 54 is operatively connected. The lower end of the rod 54'is connected to one of the crank pins 55 of the crank shaft, as is clearly shown in Fig. 2 of the drawings. The hearing 52 is provided around its lower portion with an upturned flange 56 which forms a receptacle for the collection of oil when splashed up into the cylinder and piston 47 in the operation of the crank shaft. Leading from the cavityv between the fiange56 and the bearing 52 are'openings 57, through which oil may escape to lubricate the bear ing of the upper portion of the 54 for the lower piston.

Slidably mounted in the cylinder 26 is another piston 53 which is provided in its lower portion withan annular recess 49 for the-reception of packing rings 50 similar to those used on the piston 47 and above described. The upper piston 58 is providedexternally with 'a series of spaced apart annular grooves 59 for the distribution of a lubricant. As shown in Figs. 1 and 2 the lower end of the piston piston rod '90 the upper portlon of 58 is closed by a concave head 60 which is I preferably made integral therewith, while the upper end of sa-idpiston is closed by a head 61 secured thereto by means of screw bolts 62 engaging the upper end of the said piston. The head 61 is extended diametrically across the top of the cylinder and is provided with a reinforcing bar 63 having a tubular opening 64 extended longitudinally in its lower portion. Within this tubular opening 64 is located a hollow wrist pin 65, which may haveits ends closed by means of screw plugs 66 so as to retain oil therein for the purpose of lubricating the which are inserted through suitable openings 70 in the lower portion of the head 61 of the piston 58 and surround the wrist pin 65 near its ends. The lower ends of the connecting rods 67are connected to crank pins 55 of the crank shaft, as-is clearly shown in Fig. 1 of the drawings. By this arrangement it is evident that in the rotation of the crank shaft the upper piston ordinary or an nonpu- 58 will be reciprocated in the upper portion of the cylinder, while the lower piston 47 will be likewise 0 rated through the same instrumentality. l he cylinder may be provided with conduits 71 to form a water jacket, which conduits may have at their lower and upper portions openings 72 and 73 for connection with pipes for the suply and outlet of water therefrom. Located in the cylinder 26 at suitable points to lubricate the outer surfaces of the upper piston and the sliding valves are pipes 74, to each of which is connected by means of a coupling 7 5 a pipe 76 leading to a source of lubricant supply (not shown). Located in the cylinder above one of the ports thereof and communicating by means of a channel suitably located in said cylinder with the space between the adjacent ends of the pistons 47 and 58 is an elbow pipe 77 which as in its upper end a valve chamber 78 and is provided at its elbow with a petcock 79, having a handle 80, b means of which it can be turned to shut 0 or regulate the flow of Water through said pipe. Connected to the casing of the valve chamber 78 is a pipe 81, which leads to a source of cold water supply (not shown), and said pipe is equipped at its juncture with the elbow 77 with a valve seat 82, and above said seat with a tubular extension 83, around which is a coiled spring 84, which rests at one of its ends against the pipe 81 and at its other end against a collar or washer 85 held on the stem 86 of the valve 87 by means of a pin 88 extended through the stem or otherwise. By this arrangement, it is apparent that in the operation of the engine suction will be created in the combustion chamber or space between the inner heads of the piston, which will release the valve 87 from its seat and permit water to pass into said space or combustion chamber where, due to the intense heat, it will be converted into steam, which will act on the parts of the engine to dislodge carbon therefrom should any accumulate thereon; but, it will be understood, that the injection of water into said chamber will to a large extent prevent any accumulation of carbon. Located in a suitable opening 89 in the wall of the cylinder above one of the ports thereof is a downwardly inclined opening 88 which communicates at its inner end with the combustion chamber and has mounted in its outer portion a spark plug 90 of the well-known construction, by means of WlllCh the combustible gases in the combustion chamber will be ignited.

The shaft 12 is provided with a fiv wheel 91, and near and inwardly of said wheel with a collar 92 which surrounds the shaft 12 and has at its inner end an annularly grooved flange 93 fitting in a similar groove 94 in the journal box 95 of the base 10 and casing 11, as is clearly shown in Fig. 1 of the drawings. Leadin from the groove 94 through a portion of tlie base 10 is a channel 96, which communicates at its lower end with a receptacle 97 for the reception of oil or lubricant, which will be caused, by the operation of the cranks, to be splashed against the interior of the casing to pass through an opening 98 leading from the upper portion of the casing to the journal box 95.

From the foregoing and by reference to the drawings, it will be readily understood and clearly seen that assuming that the pistons are in about the positions shown in Fig. 2 of the drawings, and combustible fuel, such as gas, has been supplied to the combustion chamber through the inlet port in the cylinder and ignition thereof is produced through the medium of the spark plug 90 in the usual way, the pistons 47 and 58 will be forced apart by reason of the explosion of the gases, and the crank shaft caused to rotate, in which operation the cam shaft will be rotated, thus causing the cams 31 and 32 thereon to contact with the rollers 30 on the cross bars 27 which unite the connecting rods 21 and 21" in pairs, thus forcing the said bars and connecting rods downwardly, which operation will cause the valves 24 and 25 to be reciprocated so as to alternately open and close the inlet and exhaust ports of the cylinder. In the above mentioned operation the upper piston 58 will be moved downwardly by a pulling movement of the connecting rods or bars 67, and the lower piston 48 will be moved upwardly by the pushing or thrust movement of the connecting rod 54 of said piston. The amount of water supplied to the combustion chamber through the pipe 71 can be regulated by means of the pet-cock 79, or it can be shut off, if desired. By employing a pair of alined pistons constructed and operating in the manner above described, it is apparent that the entire force or power of the explosive charges will be utilized instead of a portion of said power or force being lost against a stationary head of the cylinder, as is the case in engines of such construc tion. Furthermore, it is obvious that by means of the bearing 52 for the connecting rod 54, should any wear take place therein, it can be taken up by inserting a shim between the bearing 52 and the head 48 of the lower cylinder.

It is obvious that the pipe 81, can be connected to a supply of gasolene or the like when the conduit 77, and its parts can be used as a priming cup or for priming purposes.

Having thus fully described my invention what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. In an engine of the class described the combination with a cylinder having at about its middle diametrically disposed in.- let and outlet ports, of a pair of alined pistons located in the said cylinder for reciprocalmovement, the adjacent heads of said pistons and the cylinder forming a combustion chamber from which the inlet and exhaust ports lead, a crank shaft journaled near one end of the cylinder, connecting rods uniting the crank shaft and said pistons, a pair of superimposed sliding sleeve valves surrounding the cylinders and the ports thereof and having ports therein to register with the ports of thecylinder, one of said valves having an annular recess, superimposed packing rings located in said recess and fixed together, a cam shaft geared to the crank shaft, and connections uniting said sliding valves and the cam shaft.

2. In an engine of the class described, the combination with a cylinder having an inlet and an exhaust port and provided with an annular recess in the portion of the outer wall thereof in which said ports are located, of superimposed packing rings located in said recess and fixed to one another and provided with ports to register with the ports of the cylinder, a pair of pistons located in said cylinder for reciprocal movement, a crank shaft journaled near one end of the cylinder, connecting rods uniting the crank shaft and said pistons, a pair of superimposed sliding valves mounted on the cylinder and externally of the ports therein and having ports to register with the ports of the cylinder, a cam shaft geared to the crank shaft, and connections uniting said sliding valves and the cam shaft.

another and provided with" ports in register with the ports of the cylinder, a crank shaft journaled near one end of cylinder, connecting rods uniting the crank shaft and said pistons, a pair of superimposed sliding valves mounted on the cylinder at the ports thereof and having ports to register with the ports of the cylinder, a cam shaft geared to the crank shaft, and connections uniting said sliding valves and the cam shaft,

4. In an engine of the class described, the combination with a cylinder having an inlet and an exhaust port and provided with anannular recess in the portion of the outer wall thereof in which said ports are located, of superimposed packing rings located in said recess and fixed to the cylinder and to one another and provided with ports in register with the ports of the cylinder, a pair of pistons located in said cylinder for alined and reciprocal movement,a crank shaft journaled near one end of the cylinder, connecting rods uniting the crank shaft and pistons,.a pair of superimposed sliding valves mounted on the cylinder externally of the ports therein and having ports to register with the ports of the cylinder,one of said valves having an annular recess, superimposed packing rings located in said recess and fixed together, a cam shaft geared to the crank shaft, and connections uniting said valves and the cam shaft.

5. An engine, including in combination, a cylinder, a hollow piston located therein for reciprocating movement and having a head at one of its ends provided on its inner surface with a recess, a bearing in said recess having on each of its sides an upwardly extended flange providing grooves for the reception of a lubricant, said bearing having openings leading from said grooves inwardly of the bearing, and a connecting or piston rod journaled at one of its ends in said bearing, and a crank shaft operatively connected to the other end of said rod.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name, at Chicago, Illinois, this 10th day of April, 1919.

JOHN F. KYTLIcA.

Cook county, 

